Lesson Plan

• Describe the four layers of the TCP/IP model and their primary functions.
• Explain the role of core protocols (IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, ARP) within the suite.
• Analyse a TCP three‑way handshake and subsequent data transfer sequence.
• Compare the TCP/IP model to the OSI model.
• Apply protocol knowledge to troubleshoot simple network issues.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Slide deck with TCP/IP layer diagram
• Handout summarising protocol functions
• Laptop with network simulation software (e.g., Packet Tracer)
• Sample packet‑capture files (Wireshark)
• Whiteboard and markers

Begin with a quick poll: “Which internet services do you use today?” Connect their answers to underlying protocols. Review prior knowledge of basic networking terms. State that by the end of the lesson students will be able to identify and explain each layer and key protocol in the TCP/IP suite.

1. Do‑now (5 minutes): Students list everyday protocols (e.g., HTTP, Wi‑Fi) on sticky notes; teacher clusters them.
2. Mini‑lecture (15 minutes): Present the four TCP/IP layers, their functions, and key protocols using slides.
3. Guided packet analysis (10 minutes): Examine a Wireshark capture to identify IP and TCP headers and the three‑way handshake.
4. Group simulation (15 minutes): In Packet Tracer, model a client‑server HTTP request, observe handshake, data exchange, and termination.
5. Comparison discussion (5 minutes): Contrast TCP/IP layers with the OSI model and highlight practical differences.
6. Check for understanding (5 minutes): Quick Kahoot quiz on protocol roles and header fields.

Recap the four layers and the purpose of each core protocol, emphasizing the handshake sequence as a diagnostic tool. Students complete an exit ticket describing one way to troubleshoot a failed TCP connection. Assign homework: read the provided handout and write a short reflection on how the TCP/IP model supports real‑world applications.