Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: describe the mode of action of phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the sequential steps of phagocytosis performed by neutrophils and macrophages.
  • Compare the functional differences between neutrophils and macrophages in innate immunity.
  • Explain how macrophages link innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation.
  • Illustrate the chemical reactions of the oxidative burst and their antimicrobial effects.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • PowerPoint slides with phagocytosis diagrams
  • Printed handout of the neutrophil‑macrophage comparison table
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Microscopy images of neutrophils and macrophages
  • Exit‑ticket slips
 Introduction:
Begin with a short video clip showing immune cells chasing bacteria to capture students' interest. Ask learners to recall how white blood cells recognise and eliminate pathogens, linking to prior lessons on innate immunity. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe each step of phagocytosis and compare neutrophils with macrophages.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – quick Kahoot quiz on innate immune cells.
  2. Teacher input (10') – present slides outlining the six steps of phagocytosis and key receptors.
  3. Guided practice (12') – small groups label a phagocytosis diagram and discuss neutrophil vs. macrophage differences.
  4. Interactive simulation (8') – explore an online animation of the oxidative burst and antigen presentation; answer check‑questions.
  5. Formative assessment (5') – exit ticket: list two differences between the cells and one way macrophages activate adaptive immunity.
Conclusion:
Summarise the six stages of phagocytosis and highlight the distinct roles of neutrophils and macrophages. Prompt students to share one surprising fact as a rapid retrieval check. Assign homework: research a disease where phagocyte dysfunction is critical and write a one‑paragraph summary.