Lesson Plan

• Distinguish individual (private) demand and supply from market demand and supply.
• Explain how the law of demand and the law of supply are shown on graphs.
• Identify the non‑price determinants that shift demand and supply curves.
• Aggregate individual curves to derive market demand and market supply.
• Predict how a shift in either curve affects equilibrium price and quantity.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed worksheets with demand‑supply diagrams
• Calculators
• Sticky notes for labeling curve shifts
• Student laptops (optional) for interactive graphing tool

Begin with a quick poll: “Why did the price of coffee rise last month?” Connect responses to earlier discussions on price mechanisms, then outline today’s success criteria: students will be able to draw, shift, and analyse individual and market demand and supply curves.

1. Do‑now (5’) – short quiz on definitions of demand, supply, and market vs. individual curves.
2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – introduce individual demand and supply curves, explain determinants.
3. Guided practice (15’) – students work in pairs to aggregate individual demand curves into a market demand curve using the worksheet.
4. Interactive simulation (10’) – use an online graphing tool to apply determinant shifts and observe new equilibrium.
5. Class discussion (10’) – analyse how each shift changes equilibrium price and quantity; teacher checks understanding with probing questions.
6. Exit ticket (5’) – each student writes one sentence summarising the impact of a demand shift on equilibrium.

Summarise the key differences between individual and market curves and the effect of shifts on equilibrium. Collect exit tickets and remind students to complete the homework: create a real‑world example of a demand or supply shift, sketch the corresponding curves, and explain the expected new equilibrium.