| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Biology |
| Lesson Topic: describe the structure of a cholinergic synapse and explain how it functions, including the role of calcium ions |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the structural components of a cholinergic synapse.
- Explain the sequence of events from an action potential to muscle contraction.
- Analyse the role of calcium ions in triggering neurotransmitter release.
- Interpret how acetylcholinesterase terminates the synaptic signal.
- Apply knowledge to diagram a cholinergic synapse and label key features.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector and screen for slides
- Handouts of a labelled cholinergic synapse diagram
- Whiteboard and markers
- Interactive clicker/quiz platform (e.g., Kahoot)
- Neuron‑muscle model (optional)
- Worksheet for sequencing the synaptic events
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Introduction:
Show a short video of a muscle twitch to spark interest. Ask students what they already know about how nerves cause muscles to move. Explain that today they will uncover the microscopic structure of the cholinergic synapse and the crucial role of calcium ions, and by the end they will be able to diagram and label the whole process.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑now (5'): Students label a blank synapse diagram from memory; quick review.
- Mini‑lecture (10'): Present the structural components using slides and the suggested cross‑section diagram.
- Guided walkthrough (12'): Step‑by‑step explanation of the functional sequence, emphasizing calcium influx; include an animation.
- Interactive simulation (8'): Students manipulate voltage‑gated Ca²⁺ channels in a virtual model and predict outcomes.
- Group worksheet activity (10'): Teams order the nine steps of neurotransmission and justify each step.
- Formative check (5'): Quick Kahoot quiz on key functions and the role of Ca²⁺.
- Summary discussion (5'): Recap main points and address any misconceptions.
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Conclusion:
Recap that the cholinergic synapse translates neuronal signals into muscle contraction through a tightly coordinated cascade driven by calcium ions. Students complete an exit ticket describing one way calcium ensures precise neurotransmitter release. For homework, they read a short article on neuromuscular disorders and write a brief reflection on how disruptions to calcium signaling affect muscle function.
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