| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Chemistry |
| Lesson Topic: Use experimental data from a titration to calculate the moles of solute, or the concentration or volume of a solution |
Learning Objective/s:
- Apply the titration equation M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ to determine an unknown concentration, moles, or volume.
- Calculate the number of moles of a solute from the volume and concentration of a titrant.
- Analyse experimental titration data, identify common sources of error, and justify the calculated result.
- Explain how the mole, molar mass, and Avogadro constant link macroscopic mass to microscopic particle numbers in titration calculations.
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Materials Needed:
- Burette, stand and clamp
- Conical flask and pipette
- Indicator solution (e.g., phenolphthalein)
- Graduated cylinder for measuring analyte
- Calculator or spreadsheet
- Worksheet with data table and practice questions
- Projector for displaying equations and worked example
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Introduction:
Begin with a quick question: “If you know how much acid you added, can you find out how much base you started with?” Review students’ prior knowledge of the mole concept and Avogadro’s number, then state that today they will use real titration data to calculate unknowns and evaluate experimental error.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑Now (5 min): Short mole‑mass problem on the board to activate prior knowledge.
- Mini‑lecture (10 min): Review the mole, Avogadro constant, and derive the titration equation M₁V₁ = M₂V₂.
- Demonstration (10 min): Teacher performs a burette titration of HCl with NaOH, highlighting the endpoint and recording volumes.
- Guided Practice (15 min): Students work through the step‑by‑step worked example, completing a worksheet that mirrors the demonstration.
- Data‑Analysis Activity (10 min): Using the provided data table, pairs calculate concentrations for three trials, discuss variation, and identify possible sources of error.
- Exit Ticket (5 min): Each student writes one correct calculation (e.g., concentration of HCl) and one error to avoid in future titrations.
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Conclusion:
Summarise how the titration equation links measured volumes to moles and concentration, and remind students of the importance of accurate burette reading. Collect the exit tickets, assign the three practice questions as homework, and suggest students rehearse the calculations using a spreadsheet for faster checking.
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