| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Biology |
| Lesson Topic: Describe the structure of a bacterial cell: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids. |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the main components of a bacterial cell and their locations.
- Explain the functions of the cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid DNA and plasmids.
- Compare Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative cell‑wall structures.
- Interpret a diagram of a bacterial cell to identify each component.
- Apply knowledge of plasmids to explain how antibiotic resistance can spread.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector and screen
- PowerPoint slides with bacterial cell diagram
- Printed handouts of the diagram for labeling
- Whiteboard and markers
- Student worksheet (labeling activity & short questions)
- Microscope with prepared bacterial slides (optional)
- Exit‑ticket cards or digital poll
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Introduction:
Begin with a quick video clip showing antibiotic‑resistant bacteria to capture interest. Ask students what they already know about cell structure from previous lessons and link it to why bacterial structure matters. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to name and describe each bacterial component and its function.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑now (5 min): Students label a generic cell diagram on a worksheet – focus on identifying organelles.
- Mini‑lecture with slides (10 min): Overview of cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid DNA and plasmids.
- Interactive diagram activity (10 min): In pairs, students label the detailed bacterial cell diagram and discuss differences between Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative walls.
- Think‑Pair‑Share (5 min): Compare functions of plasmids vs chromosomal DNA.
- Case‑study discussion (10 min): Real‑world example of plasmid‑mediated antibiotic resistance; groups propose how the structure contributes.
- Quick formative quiz (5 min): Kahoot! questions covering each component.
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Conclusion:
Summarise the six key components and their roles, emphasizing how the cell wall and plasmids affect bacterial survival. Students complete an exit ticket by writing one function of plasmids and one way the cell wall influences antibiotic treatment. For homework, assign the textbook section on prokaryotic cells and a worksheet to reinforce labeling skills.
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