| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Biology |
| Lesson Topic: state that transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and are involved in the control of gene expression in eukaryotes by decreasing or increasing the rate of transcription |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the role of transcription factors in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes.
- Identify the main domains of transcription factors and their functions.
- Explain how activator and repressor transcription factors influence transcription rates.
- Analyze examples of transcription factors (Sp1, p53, NF‑κB, Oct‑4) and their regulatory effects.
- Evaluate how DNA binding sites (promoters, enhancers, silencers) modulate transcription outcomes.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector or interactive whiteboard
- PowerPoint slides with TF diagrams
- Handout summarizing TF domains and examples
- Model of DNA with labeled promoter/enhancer/silencer sites
- Clickers or online quiz tool
- Markers and chart paper for group concept maps
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Introduction:
Begin with a quick animation showing a gene being turned on and off, prompting students to consider what could be controlling these changes. Review prior knowledge of DNA, promoters, and RNA polymerase II to connect to the new concept. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to explain how transcription factors act as molecular switches that increase or decrease transcription rates.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑Now (5') – Students answer a short prompt on their handout: “What factors might influence how much mRNA a gene produces?” Collect responses on the board.
- Mini‑lecture (10') – Present key concepts and TF domains using slides and the schematic diagram.
- Guided analysis (12') – In pairs, examine provided examples (Sp1, p53, NF‑κB, Oct‑4) and classify each as activator, repressor, or dual‑function, filling a table.
- Interactive simulation (10') – Use an online tool to model TF binding to an enhancer or silencer and observe changes in transcription rate; discuss results.
- Check for understanding (8') – Quick quiz via clickers with three scenario questions; review answers and clarify misconceptions.
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Conclusion:
Summarize that transcription factors bind specific DNA elements and can either recruit the transcriptional machinery or block it, thereby modulating gene expression. Ask students to write one key takeaway on a sticky note as an exit ticket. Assign a brief homework: find a real‑world example of a disease caused by a mutated transcription factor and prepare a one‑minute explanation.
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