Lesson Plan

• Describe the three structural components of an RNA nucleotide.
• Explain the functional regions of a mature mRNA (5' cap, coding region, 3' poly‑A tail) and their roles.
• Compare key differences between DNA and RNA molecules.
• Illustrate the transcription process that produces mRNA.
• Label a diagram of mRNA accurately, identifying cap, UTRs, start/stop codons, and poly‑A tail.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• PowerPoint slides with nucleotide and mRNA diagrams
• Printed handouts of an mRNA schematic for labeling
• Whiteboard and markers
• Sticky notes for quick checks
• Worksheets for the do‑now activity

Begin with a short video showing how a genetic message travels from DNA to a ribosome, prompting students to think about what carries that message. Recall prior learning on DNA structure and the central dogma. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to identify and describe each part of a messenger RNA molecule.

1. Do‑now (5') – Students label a simple nucleotide diagram on a worksheet (review of sugar, base, phosphate).
2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Present the differences between DNA and RNA, focusing on ribose, uracil, and strand polarity.
3. Guided exploration (12') – Using slides, dissect the three functional regions of mRNA (5' cap, coding region, 3' poly‑A tail) with probing questions.
4. Interactive activity (10') – In pairs, students label a printed mRNA schematic, adding the cap, UTRs, start/stop codons, and tail.
5. Check for understanding (8') – Quick quiz via Kahoot/hand‑raise to match features with functions.
6. Summary discussion (5') – Review key points and clarify misconceptions.

Summarise that mRNA’s structure protects the transcript and directs protein synthesis, linking back to the central dogma. Students complete an exit ticket by writing one function of each mRNA region. Assign homework to create a labelled digital model of an mRNA using a free drawing tool.