Lesson Plan

• Describe the components of a URL and their purposes.
• Explain how a browser parses a URL and initiates a network request.
• Illustrate the DNS resolution process that converts a domain name to an IP address.
• Analyse the role of DNS records and TTL in web resource retrieval.
• Apply knowledge by tracing the steps of a sample URL request.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Computers with internet access (one per student)
• Web browser (e.g., Chrome) installed
• Printed handout of URL components table
• DNS lookup tool (nslookup or online DNS checker)
• Whiteboard and markers

Begin with a quick “What’s in a web address?” poll to activate prior knowledge. Show a familiar URL and ask students to guess what each part does. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to decode any URL and understand how DNS makes the connection possible.

1. Do‑Now (5') – Students list the parts of a URL they recall and share; teacher records responses.
2. Direct Instruction (10') – Present the URL components (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) with examples; use the handout.
3. Guided Demo (12') – Live browser demo: enter a URL, show parsing, then run nslookup to reveal the DNS lookup process.
4. Collaborative Activity (15') – Small groups receive a flow‑chart worksheet and trace the full request sequence for a given URL, filling in each step.
5. Check for Understanding (8') – Whole‑class quiz (Kahoot/Clicker) covering URL parsing and DNS resolution.
6. Summary & Reflection (5') – Re‑visit the objectives; each student writes one key takeaway on a sticky note.

Recap the journey from typing a URL to receiving a web page, emphasizing the DNS bridge between human‑readable names and IP addresses. Collect exit tickets asking students to state one thing they found surprising about DNS. For homework, assign a short task to use an online DNS tool to look up the records for a personal favourite website and note the TTL values.