Lesson Plan

• Describe the overall esterification reaction and write the balanced equation.
• Explain each step of the acid‑catalysed mechanism and identify the intermediates.
• Predict how acid strength, alcohol excess, water removal and temperature affect yield.
• Apply the mechanism to choose appropriate conditions for synthesising a given ester.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed handout of the mechanism diagram
• Molecular model kit (optional)
• Virtual reflux simulation (computer)
• Safety goggles and lab coats (for demo video)
• Worksheet with practice questions

Ever wondered how the pleasant aromas of fruits are created? You already know the functional groups –COOH in acids and –OH in alcohols, so today we’ll see what happens when they meet under acidic conditions. By the end of the lesson you will be able to write the esterification equation, outline the mechanism, and explain how to maximise product yield.

1. Do‑now (5') – Quick quiz on –COOH and –OH functional groups.
2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Present overall esterification reaction, equilibrium concept, and safety notes using the projector.
3. Mechanism walkthrough (15') – Step‑by‑step explanation of the five mechanistic stages; students label the diagram on the handout.
4. Interactive simulation (10') – Virtual reflux set‑up; students identify conditions that shift equilibrium toward ester formation.
5. Guided practice (10') – Worksheet problems: write equations, predict products, and suggest ways to improve yield.
6. Check for understanding (5') – Exit ticket: state one method to increase ester yield and justify it.

We reviewed the esterification equation, the acid‑catalysed mechanism, and the key factors that influence yield. Collect the exit tickets, recap the main points, and remind students to complete the worksheet at home, focusing on designing an experiment for a new ester.