Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: describe the structure of the human kidney, limited to: fibrous capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter, branches of the renal artery and renal vein
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the fibrous capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter and the main branches of the renal artery and vein.
  • Explain how each kidney component contributes to urine formation and overall homeostasis.
  • Compare the arterial and venous branching patterns and their functional significance.
  • Identify the location of each structure in a cross‑section diagram of the kidney.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Digital cross‑section diagram of a kidney
  • Printed worksheet for labeling activity
  • Coloured markers or pens
  • 3‑D kidney model (optional)
  • Whiteboard and sticky notes
 Introduction:
Imagine a factory that filters millions of litres of blood every day. Recall how the nephron filters blood and re‑absorbs essential substances. Today you will label the main kidney structures and explain their role in maintaining homeostasis. Success will be shown by correctly labeling a diagram and describing each part’s function.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – short quiz on nephron function to activate prior knowledge.
  2. Mini‑lecture with annotated diagram (10') – introduce fibrous capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis and ureter.
  3. Vascular supply walkthrough (8') – animated view of renal artery and vein branching.
  4. Guided labeling activity (12') – students label printed kidney diagrams, then peer‑check.
  5. Think‑pair‑share (5') – discuss how each structure contributes to homeostasis.
  6. Formative check (5') – exit ticket: write one specific function of the medulla.
  7. Summary & transition (5') – recap key points and preview the next lesson on nephron physiology.
Conclusion:
We revisited the kidney’s outer capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter and vascular branches, linking each to its homeostatic role. Collect the exit tickets and remind students to complete the online quiz on kidney anatomy for homework.