Lesson Plan

Resources → Subject Notes → Biology → Notes
Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: explain that, in eukaryotes, the RNA molecule formed following transcription (primary transcript) is modified by the removal of non-coding sequences (introns) and the joining together of coding sequences (exons) to form mRNA
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the three main processing modifications (5′ capping, splicing, poly‑A tail addition) of a primary transcript.
  • Explain how the spliceosome removes introns and joins exons.
  • Compare key features of pre‑mRNA and mature mRNA.
  • Evaluate the role of alternative splicing in generating protein diversity.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • PowerPoint slides with diagrams
  • Printed handout showing pre‑mRNA vs mature mRNA
  • Worksheet with quick‑revision checklist
  • Markers and whiteboard
  • Laptop with internet access for video demo
 Introduction:

Begin with a short video showing how a gene’s information is turned into a protein, then ask students what steps might be needed after transcription. Review that they already know transcription produces a primary transcript. Explain that today they will identify the processing steps and the criteria for success: naming each modification, describing spliceosome action, and linking processing to protein diversity.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5′) – Students complete the quick‑revision checklist on pre‑mRNA vs mature mRNA.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10′) – Teacher presents the three processing steps (5′ capping, splicing, 3′ poly‑A tail) using a projected diagram.
  3. Guided practice (12′) – In pairs, students label a printed diagram, identifying where each modification occurs.
  4. Spliceosome simulation (10′) – Watch a short animation of the two transesterification reactions, then discuss the role of snRNPs.
  5. Alternative splicing discussion (8′) – Think‑pair‑share activity on how one gene can produce multiple protein isoforms.
  6. Formative check (5′) – Exit ticket: list the three modifications and state one functional benefit of each.
Conclusion:

Summarise that RNA processing converts a fragile primary transcript into a stable, translatable mRNA through capping, splicing, and poly‑A tail addition, and that alternative splicing expands protein diversity. Collect exit tickets as a retrieval check and assign homework: read the textbook section on RNA processing and complete the worksheet on spliceosome mechanisms.