Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Year 10 Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: state that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and are transmissible
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe what an infectious disease is and identify the role of pathogens.
  • Explain how different groups of pathogens are transmitted between hosts.
  • Compare at least three transmission routes and associated preventive measures.
  • Analyze a case study to determine the most likely transmission pathway.
  • Evaluate the importance of interrupting transmission in disease control.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • PowerPoint slides with pathogen images
  • Handout summarizing pathogen types and transmission routes
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Sticky notes for group activity
  • Quiz cards for formative assessment
 Introduction:
Begin with a short video clip showing the rapid spread of a viral outbreak to capture interest. Ask students to recall recent news about infectious diseases and discuss what they already know about how these illnesses spread. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to state why pathogens cause disease and how transmission routes shape prevention strategies.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – Students match common diseases to their causative pathogen on a worksheet.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Define infectious disease, pathogen, transmissible; present the five major pathogen groups with slide visuals.
  3. Interactive activity (12') – In groups, use cards to map each pathogen type to its primary transmission routes; record on sticky notes.
  4. Whole‑class discussion (8') – Compare routes, highlight examples, link to preventive measures.
  5. Case‑study analysis (10') – Provide a brief scenario; groups identify the most likely transmission route and justify.
  6. Formative check (5') – Quick quiz using Kahoot or printed cards.
  7. Summary checklist (5') – Teacher reviews key points; students tick off a checklist on their handout.
Conclusion:
Recap the main idea that infectious diseases arise from pathogens and are spread via specific routes. Have each student write one transmission route and a corresponding prevention measure on an exit ticket. Assign homework to research a current outbreak and prepare a short paragraph describing its pathogen and transmission pathway.