Lesson Plan

• Describe particle motion in longitudinal sound waves.
• Explain how compressions and rarefactions transmit acoustic energy.
• Compare longitudinal sound waves with transverse waves.
• Apply the formula v = √(B/ρ) to predict speed changes in different media.
• Identify and correct common misconceptions about sound propagation.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Diagram of compressions and rarefactions
• Tuning fork and rubber mallet for demonstration
• Worksheets with comparison table
• Calculator for speed calculations
• Exit‑ticket slips

Play a short clip of a tuning fork being struck and ask students what they hear. Recall that previous lessons covered wave types and how particle motion relates to energy transfer. By the end of the lesson you will be able to describe how sound waves move longitudinally and compare them with transverse waves.

1. Do‑now (5'): Quick written question on wave classifications displayed on the board.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Define longitudinal waves, show diagram of particle motion parallel to propagation.
3. Demonstration (8'): Strike a tuning fork, discuss observed compressions and rarefactions.
4. Guided worksheet activity (12'): Students complete a table comparing longitudinal and transverse wave features.
5. Mathematical application (10'): Use v = √(B/ρ) to calculate sound speed in air versus water.
6. Check for understanding (5'): Concept‑check questions via clickers or show of hands.

Summarise that sound travels as a longitudinal wave with particle motion parallel to direction of travel, creating alternating compressions and rarefactions. Students complete an exit ticket describing one key difference between longitudinal and transverse waves. For homework, assign a short problem set calculating sound speed in three different media.