Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: understand the equivalence between energy and mass as represented by E = mc2 and recall and use this equation
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the relationship between mass and energy using E = mc².
  • Calculate the mass defect of a nucleus and convert it to binding energy.
  • Analyse binding energy per nucleon to assess nuclear stability and explain its relevance to fission and fusion.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint slides with equations and diagrams
  • Handout of atomic‑mass tables and the 931.5 MeV u⁻¹ conversion factor
  • Scientific calculators or spreadsheet software
  • Worksheet with practice calculations
  • Diagram/model of a ⁴He nucleus
 Introduction:
Begin with a striking fact: a tiny loss of mass in a nuclear reaction releases enormous energy. Ask students to recall the form of E = mc² and the units of c. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to use this equation to quantify mass defect and binding energy in real nuclei.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑Now (5'): Students write the E = mc² formula and list the units for each variable.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Introduce the conversion 1 u = 931.5 MeV c⁻² and define mass defect.
  3. Guided example (15'): Work through the helium‑4 calculation step‑by‑step on the board while students complete the worksheet.
  4. Partner practice (10'): Students calculate the mass defect and binding energy for ¹²C; teacher circulates to address misconceptions.
  5. Concept check (5'): Exit‑ticket – one sentence explaining why binding energy per nucleon peaks near iron.
  6. Summary & Homework (5'): Recap key steps and assign additional problems on mass defect and nuclear stability.
Conclusion:
Review how mass loss translates into the large energies that power stars and nuclear reactors. Collect the exit tickets to gauge understanding, and remind students to complete the homework worksheet for further practice.