| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Biology |
| Lesson Topic: describe and explain the formation of urine in the nephron, limited to: the formation of glomerular filtrate by ultrafiltration in the Bowman’s capsule, selective reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the process of ultrafiltration in Bowman's capsule and calculate net filtration pressure.
- Explain how the filtration barrier (fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, podocyte slits) selects plasma components.
- Identify the key transport mechanisms operating in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Summarise which solutes are reabsorbed in the PCT and their approximate percentages.
- Evaluate how glomerular filtration and proximal reabsorption together maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector and screen
- Animated diagram of a renal corpuscle
- Handout summarising transporters in the PCT
- Worksheet with NFP calculation problems
- Nephron model or printable cut‑outs
- Kahoot/Quizizz quiz for rapid checks
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Introduction:
Begin with a short video clip showing blood flow through the kidney to spark curiosity about how the body cleanses blood. Ask students what they already know about kidney structure and the term “filtrate.” State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe ultrafiltration and the main reabsorption events in the proximal tubule, and they will demonstrate this through a quick calculation and a group diagram.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑now (5'): Students answer a 3‑question recall quiz on kidney anatomy using Kahoot.
- Mini‑lecture (10'): Animated slide of Bowman's capsule; introduce filtration barrier and derive the NFP equation.
- Guided practice (8'): Small‑group work calculating NFP from given pressures; teacher circulates for feedback.
- Demonstration (10'): Walk through the proximal convoluted tubule diagram, highlighting Na⁺/K⁺‑ATPase, SGLT2, NHE3, and aquaporin‑1.
- Group activity (10'): Complete a table (provided on handout) listing substances, % reabsorbed, and transport mechanism.
- Check for understanding (5'): Exit ticket – one sentence explaining why water follows solutes in the PCT.
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Conclusion:
Recap the two key stages of urine formation covered today and emphasise their role in maintaining homeostasis. Collect exit tickets and use the responses to gauge mastery. Assign homework: a short worksheet requiring students to sketch the renal corpuscle and label the filtration barrier, plus a reflection question on how a defect in SGLT2 would affect glucose reabsorption.
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