Lesson Plan

• Describe how changes in total population size affect labour supply, demand for goods, and resource pressure.
• Explain the economic and social impacts of shifts in age distribution, including dependency ratios.
• Analyse the consequences of gender‑ratio imbalances for labour markets and policy.
• Evaluate policy responses to population growth, decline, ageing, and gender skew.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed handouts: population‑pyramid diagram, PPF diagram
• Worksheet with revision questions
• Calculator

Start with a quick poll: name a country experiencing rapid population growth. Recall the previous lesson on supply and demand. Today we will explore how population size, age structure and gender balance shape economic development, and identify the success criteria for analysing these impacts.

1. Do‑now (5'): Students answer a short question on the effects of population change on a worksheet.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Present key concepts of population‑size impacts using a PPF diagram (projector).
3. Group activity (12'): Analyse age‑distribution scenarios with population pyramids; calculate the dependency ratio.
4. Case‑study discussion (10'): Examine gender‑ratio implications using provided data and discuss possible policy responses.
5. Synthesis (8'): Whole‑class summary of economic and social effects in a table on the board.
6. Exit ticket (5'): Each student writes one policy recommendation for a chosen demographic change.

We have reviewed how population growth, decline, age and gender structures influence economic outcomes and the policies needed to address them. To check understanding, students submit an exit ticket outlining a single policy response to a demographic challenge. For homework, complete the revision‑questions worksheet and be prepared to discuss the dependency‑ratio calculation in the next lesson.