Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Chemistry
Lesson Topic: Describe the structures of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particle separation, arrangement and motion
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe particle separation, arrangement and motion for solids, liquids and gases.
  • Explain how temperature influences kinetic energy and state changes.
  • Compare shape, volume and compressibility of the three states.
  • Apply the concepts to identify melting, boiling, sublimation and related energy terms.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Printed comparison‑table handout
  • Particle model kits or ball‑and‑stick sets
  • Worksheet with diagram‑labeling tasks
  • Thermometer for demonstration (optional)
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration: place an ice cube, a cup of water, and a balloon of air on the desk and ask students what they notice about their shape and volume. Recall that all matter is made of particles that are always moving, linking to prior lessons on atoms and kinetic energy. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe how particle separation, arrangement and motion differ among solids, liquids and gases.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – Students complete a short table matching everyday examples to solid, liquid or gas.
  2. Mini‑lecture with animated slides (10’) – Present particle separation, arrangement and motion for each state, using the comparison table.
  3. Guided inquiry (15’) – In small groups, learners use model kits to build representations of each state and record observations.
  4. Concept check (10’) – Whole‑class quiz using clickers or show of hands on key properties and temperature effects.
  5. Application activity (10’) – Students label a blank diagram of the three states and explain the energy changes for melting, boiling and sublimation.
Conclusion:
Summarise that solids have tightly packed, vibrating particles; liquids have loosely packed particles that can slide; gases have widely spaced particles moving rapidly. Ask each pair to write one exit‑ticket sentence describing how temperature alters particle motion and can trigger a state change. Assign homework to complete a worksheet comparing real‑world examples of each state and the associated energy terms.