Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Year 12 Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: state that all viruses are non-cellular structures with a nucleic acid core (either DNA or RNA) and a capsid made of protein, and that some viruses have an outer envelope made of phospholipids
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the basic structural components of viruses, including the nucleic acid core, capsid, and envelope.
  • Explain why viruses are classified as non‑cellular entities.
  • Compare and contrast viruses with cellular organisms in terms of metabolism, replication, and size.
  • Identify the types of nucleic acids found in viruses and their possible configurations.
  • Interpret a schematic diagram of enveloped and non‑enveloped viruses.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint slides with virus diagrams
  • Printed handouts of the virus structure table
  • Whiteboard markers
  • Sticky notes for exit tickets
  • Sample 3D virus models (capsid and envelope)
 Introduction:
Begin with a short video clip showing a virus entering a cell to spark curiosity. Ask students what they already know about cells versus viruses, linking to previous lessons on cell structure. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to state why viruses are non‑cellular and identify their main components.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5'): Students write a brief definition of a cell on sticky notes; teacher collects misconceptions.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Present virus components using slides and the schematic diagram.
  3. Guided comparison activity (12'): In pairs, complete a Venn diagram comparing cells and viruses, referencing the provided tables.
  4. Model building (10'): Groups assemble 3D capsid models and, if available, add an envelope layer to visualise differences.
  5. Check for understanding (8'): Quick quiz via Kahoot or show of hands on key points.
  6. Summary discussion (5'): Teacher highlights the learning objectives and answers remaining questions.
Conclusion:
Recap the three main virus components and why they lack independent metabolism. Students complete an exit ticket stating one way viruses differ from cells. Assign homework to read a short article on viral replication and prepare a one‑minute summary for the next class.