Lesson Plan

• Define potential difference as the energy transferred per unit charge.
• Explain how work done on a charge relates to voltage.
• Calculate potential difference using ΔV = ΔE / Q.
• Relate voltage, current and power through P = ΔV I.
• Identify common misconceptions about voltage and power.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed worksheet with practice problems
• Computer with PhET circuit simulation
• Calculators
• Kahoot quiz access

Begin with the question, “What does a voltmeter actually measure?” Connect this to students’ prior knowledge of charge, current and energy. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to define voltage, perform calculations, and explain its link to electrical power.

1. Do‑Now (5 min): Students write a short answer to the opening question and share responses.
2. Mini‑lecture (10 min): Define potential difference, introduce ΔV = ΔE / Q, discuss units and relationship to work.
3. Guided example (10 min): Work through the 2.5 J / 5 × 10⁻³ C calculation, students repeat with a partner.
4. Interactive simulation (10 min): Use PhET to vary voltage and current in a simple circuit, observe P = ΔV I.
5. Concept‑check quiz (5 min): Kahoot questions targeting common misconceptions.
6. Independent practice (10 min): Worksheet problems; peer‑review answers.

Summarise that voltage is energy per unit charge and that power links voltage to current. For the exit ticket, students write a concise definition of voltage and one numerical example of P = ΔV I. Assign the remaining worksheet problems for homework.