Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Accounting
Lesson Topic: balance ledger accounts as required and make transfers to financial statements
Learning Objective/s:
  • Explain the double‑entry principle and its effect on the accounting equation.
  • Record business transactions accurately in the journal.
  • Post journal entries to T‑accounts and balance each ledger account.
  • Prepare a trial balance and verify that debits equal credits.
  • Transfer balances to produce an Income Statement and a Balance Sheet.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Printed worksheet with journal entries and T‑account templates
  • Calculator
  • Accounting textbook or IGCSE syllabus handout
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Sticky notes for quick checks
 Introduction:
Begin with a brief scenario of a small shop owner investing cash to illustrate why every transaction must be recorded twice. Review students’ prior experience of writing journal entries from previous lessons. State that by the end of the session they will be able to balance ledger accounts and produce the two main financial statements.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – quick recall quiz on debit/credit rules.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – explain double‑entry principle and journal format using the projector.
  3. Guided practice (15’) – teacher models recording four sample transactions in the journal.
  4. Pair activity (15’) – students post the same entries to T‑accounts and calculate closing balances.
  5. Whole‑class check (10’) – review trial balance preparation and ensure totals agree.
  6. Demonstration (10’) – transfer trial‑balance figures to Income Statement and Balance Sheet.
  7. Independent task (15’) – students complete the practice question on the worksheet.
  8. Exit ticket (5’) – write one key step needed to ensure the Balance Sheet balances.
Conclusion:
Summarise the flow from journal to ledger, trial balance and finally to the financial statements. Ask students to write one takeaway on an exit ticket and collect it. Assign homework to complete a similar set of transactions for a different business scenario.