Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: A-Level Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: explain that genetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation of genetic material to modify specific characteristics of an organism and that this may involve transferring a gene into an organism so that the gene is expressed
Learning Objective/s:

  • Describe the concept of genetic engineering and its purpose.
  • Explain the main steps involved in a genetic engineering procedure, including gene isolation, vector insertion, host transformation, selection, and expression.
  • Identify common tools and techniques used in gene transfer and expression.
  • Evaluate ethical and safety considerations associated with genetic engineering.
Materials Needed:

  • Projector and screen
  • PowerPoint slides or digital presentation
  • Handout summarising steps and key definitions
  • Model plasmid vector diagram (printed or on board)
  • Sample DNA extraction kit (demonstration)
  • Worksheets for group activity
 Introduction:

Begin with a short video clip showing a GMO crop and ask students what they think changed at the DNA level. Recall prior learning about DNA structure and gene expression, linking it to the idea of deliberate manipulation. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to outline the genetic engineering process and discuss its implications.
Lesson Structure:

  1. Do‑now (5’) – students answer a short question on DNA vs. gene on the board.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – present definitions and overview of genetic engineering using slides.
  3. Interactive flowchart activity (15’) – groups arrange printed cards of the five procedural steps in order, then label tools/techniques.
  4. Demonstration (10’) – show a virtual plasmid map and explain restriction‑enzyme cut and ligation using animation.
  5. Case‑study discussion (10’) – examine a real‑world example (insulin production) and identify each step of the process.
  6. Formative check (5’) – quick quiz (Kahoot) covering key steps and ethical considerations.
Conclusion:

Summarise the five‑step pathway from gene isolation to expression, highlighting the role of vectors and selection markers. Ask students to write one ethical question they still have on an exit ticket. Assign homework to read a short article on CRISPR‑Cas9 and prepare a brief summary.