Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Mathematics
Lesson Topic: Representation of data: diagrams, measures of central tendency and dispersion
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe how to organise raw data into a frequency distribution.
  • Construct and interpret appropriate graphical representations (bar chart, histogram, box‑and‑whisker plot, ogive).
  • Calculate mean, median, mode, range, IQR, variance and standard deviation.
  • Select suitable summary statistics based on the shape and outliers of a data set.
  • Communicate findings clearly in written or oral form.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Printed worksheets with data sets
  • Graph paper or digital graphing tool
  • Calculator or spreadsheet software
  • Rulers and coloured markers
  • Handout of formulae for mean, variance, etc.
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick recall of how raw data can be organised, asking students to suggest ways to summarise a list of numbers. Connect this to everyday examples such as sports scores or survey results. Explain that today they will learn to visualise data and compute key statistics, and that they will be able to decide which summary best describes a given data set.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑Now (5'): Students arrange a set of numbers into a frequency table on a worksheet.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Explain frequency tables and introduce bar charts vs. histograms, showing examples.
  3. Guided practice (12'): Construct a histogram and a box‑and‑whisker plot from the provided data using graph paper or a digital tool.
  4. Calculations (10'): Compute mean, median, mode, range, IQR, variance and standard deviation, with teacher modelling.
  5. Interpretation activity (8'): In pairs, decide which measures are most appropriate given the distribution’s shape and justify the choice.
  6. Quick check (5'): Exit ticket – list the most suitable diagram and summary statistics for a new scenario.
Conclusion:
Recap how the choice of diagram and statistics depends on data characteristics such as symmetry and outliers. Ask students to write one key takeaway on a sticky note as an exit ticket. For homework, students will collect a small data set at home, create a frequency table, and compute the appropriate measures of central tendency and dispersion.