Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Information Communication Technology ICT
Lesson Topic: Know and understand firewall including its purpose
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the purpose of a firewall in protecting network resources.
  • Explain how firewalls examine packet attributes (IP address, port, protocol, state, content) to allow or block traffic.
  • Compare at least two common firewall types and identify appropriate use cases.
  • Apply rule‑set concepts to design a simple firewall policy for a small network.
  • Evaluate the role of DMZ, VPN and IDS in enhancing firewall security.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Printed handout of firewall types diagram
  • Laptop with network simulation software (e.g., Cisco Packet Tracer)
  • Worksheets with rule‑set and exam‑style questions
  • Sticky notes for exit tickets
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: “What would happen if anyone could access your computer?” Connect this to students’ prior knowledge of viruses and hacking. Explain that today they will discover how firewalls act as a gatekeeper. Success criteria: students will be able to describe firewall purpose, explain how it works, and compare common types.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5'): Quick quiz on basic network security terms; teacher checks answers.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Define firewall, its purpose, and show a simple network diagram.
  3. Interactive demo (15'): Use simulation software to configure a packet‑filtering firewall and test allowed vs. blocked packets.
  4. Group activity (12'): Each group creates a poster on one firewall type (packet‑filtering, stateful, proxy, NGFW) and presents its typical use.
  5. Guided practice (10'): Students write three rule statements for a small office network on the worksheet.
  6. Check for understanding (5'): Exit ticket – list three packet attributes a firewall examines.
Conclusion:
Recap the key purposes and mechanisms of firewalls, highlighting the differences between the types discussed. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding, and assign homework: research a next‑generation firewall and write a short paragraph on its added features.