Lesson Plan

• Describe how to use the AS clause to assign meaningful column headings.
• Apply formatting functions (UPPER, LOWER, ROUND, CONCAT) to control data presentation.
• Design and produce tabular and columnar output layouts for database query results.
• Construct concatenated label strings to create narrative‑style output.
• Use GROUP BY with appropriate labels to present aggregated data clearly.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Student laptops with a SQL IDE (e.g., MySQL Workbench)
• Sample database files (students, staff, sales)
• Handout with example queries and function reference
• Worksheet for the practical exercise and answer key

Begin with a quick discussion on why clear data presentation matters in real‑world reports. Review students’ existing knowledge of basic SELECT statements and column naming. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to format and layout query results for maximum readability.

1. Do‑Now (5') – short quiz on SELECT syntax and the purpose of column labels.
2. Mini‑lecture (10') – introduce output layouts, the AS clause, and formatting functions.
3. Guided demonstration (15') – live coding showing label changes, UPPER/LOWER, ROUND, CONCAT, and GROUP BY with labeled aggregates.
4. Paired activity (15') – students complete practical exercise items 1 & 2, creating labelled and concatenated output.
5. Whole‑class share (10') – volunteers display their queries; discuss tabular vs. columnar choices.
6. Independent task (10') – each student writes a query for total sales per region (exercise 3) using a tabular layout.
7. Exit ticket (5') – write one tip for formatting database output that they found most useful.

Recap the key techniques: using AS for headings, applying formatting functions, and selecting the appropriate layout (tabular, columnar, or concatenated). Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding. For homework, assign students to design a short report that combines a tabular summary with a narrative column using the skills learned.