| Lesson Plan |
| Grade: |
Date: 25/02/2026 |
| Subject: Biology |
| Lesson Topic: relate the detailed structure of the Bowman’s capsule and proximal convoluted tubule to their functions in the formation of urine |
Learning Objective/s:
- Describe the structural components of Bowman's capsule and their role in ultrafiltration.
- Explain how the proximal convoluted tubule’s brush border, mitochondria, and basolateral infoldings facilitate selective reabsorption.
- Analyse the integration of filtration and reabsorption processes in urine formation.
- Apply the GFR equation to calculate filtration rates under given pressures.
- Evaluate clinical implications of damage to Bowman's capsule or the PCT.
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Materials Needed:
- Projector and screen for diagrams
- PowerPoint slides with labelled nephron images
- Handout summarising structure‑function table
- Whiteboard and markers
- Worksheets with GFR calculation problems
- Physical or virtual model of a nephron (optional)
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Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: “What organ filters blood to form urine?” Review prior knowledge of kidney anatomy, then state that today’s success criteria are to link the microscopic structure of Bowman's capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule to their specific functions in urine formation.
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Lesson Structure:
- Do‑Now (5’) – Students label a blank nephron diagram focusing on Bowman's capsule and PCT.
- Mini‑lecture (10’) – Overview of Bowman's capsule structure and ultrafiltration physics, using a diagram.
- Interactive model (8’) – Students manipulate a 3‑D model/animation to identify podocyte foot processes and filtration slits.
- Guided inquiry (12’) – In groups, analyse how PCT brush border, mitochondria, and basolateral infoldings enable reabsorption; fill a concept map.
- Calculation practice (8’) – Solve a GFR problem using the provided equation; teacher checks answers.
- Clinical case discussion (7’) – Brief scenarios of glomerulonephritis and proximal tubular necrosis; link structural damage to functional loss.
- Recap quiz (5’) – Kahoot or exit‑ticket with three key questions.
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Conclusion:
Summarise how the specialised structures of Bowman's capsule initiate filtration and how the PCT reclaims the majority of solutes and water, completing the first stage of urine formation. Students complete an exit ticket stating one structure‑function pair they found most surprising. For homework, assign the worksheet on GFR calculations and a short reflection on the clinical examples.
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