Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Describe the relationship between the motion of particles and temperature, including the idea that there is a lowest possible temperature (-273°C), known as absolute zero, where the particles have least kinetic energy
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe how particle motion relates to temperature.
  • Explain why absolute zero represents the minimum kinetic energy of particles.
  • Apply the equation ⟨Ek⟩ = 3/2 kB T to calculate average kinetic energy at given temperatures.
  • Compare the effects of heating and cooling on solids, liquids and gases.
  • Identify real‑world examples where temperature influences particle motion.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint/slide deck on particle model and temperature scales
  • Worksheet with kinetic‑energy calculations and quick‑revision checklist
  • Thermometer or temperature‑conversion activity cards
  • Graph paper or digital graphing tool for KE‑vs‑temperature plot
  • Optional short video of near‑absolute‑zero experiments
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration: place a metal ball in ice water and then in warm water, asking students what they observe about the ball’s motion. Connect this to prior learning about particles in matter and how temperature measures average kinetic energy. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe the particle‑temperature relationship and explain the concept of absolute zero.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – Students answer the quick‑revision checklist on sticky notes.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Present the particle model, kinetic‑energy equation, and temperature scales.
  3. Interactive simulation (10') – Use an online gas‑particle demo to show speed changes as temperature varies.
  4. Guided calculation (8') – Worksheet: calculate average kinetic energy at 300 K and at 0 K.
  5. Group discussion (7') – Discuss what would happen at absolute zero and list two real‑world examples.
  6. Concept‑map activity (5') – Students create a concept map linking temperature, kinetic energy, phase change, expansion, and pressure.
  7. Exit ticket (5') – Write one sentence defining absolute zero and its significance.
Conclusion:
Recap that temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of particles and that absolute zero is the theoretical limit where this energy is minimal. Use a few exit‑ticket responses for immediate feedback. Assign homework: complete a temperature‑conversion worksheet and bring a real‑life example of temperature affecting particle motion.