Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Information Communication Technology ICT
Lesson Topic: Know and understand how an expert system is used to produce possible solutions for different scenarios
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the purpose and main components of an expert system.
  • Explain forward and backward chaining reasoning methods with examples.
  • Apply expert‑system concepts to analyse a real‑world scenario and suggest possible solutions.
  • Evaluate the benefits and limitations of using expert systems in ICT contexts.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen for slides/diagrams
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Printed handouts summarising components and reasoning methods
  • Laptops or tablets with internet access for interactive demo
  • Sample case‑study worksheets (medical, troubleshooting, financial)
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: “When you ask your phone for advice, how does it know what to say?” Connect this to prior learning about AI and decision‑making. Explain that today students will explore expert systems, understand how they generate solutions, and will be able to identify their components and reasoning methods by the end of the lesson.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – Students list everyday AI examples and discuss which could be expert systems.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10') – Define expert system, present its five components with a slide.
  3. Interactive demonstration (15') – Show a web‑based expert system (e.g., medical diagnosis); students input data and observe the inference process.
  4. Guided practice (15') – In pairs, students complete a worksheet scenario, identify input, choose forward or backward chaining, and predict possible outputs.
  5. Class discussion (10') – Groups share solutions; teacher highlights benefits and limitations.
  6. Quick check (5') – Exit ticket: write one benefit and one limitation of expert systems.
Conclusion:
Summarise the three core components and the two reasoning methods, reinforcing how they drive solution generation. Students complete an exit ticket to retrieve key ideas, and for homework they will research a real‑world expert system and prepare a short description of its inputs, reasoning process, and outputs.