Lesson Plan

• Describe the particle model and its connection to temperature.
• Explain how temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of gas particles.
• Apply the conversion T(K)=θ(°C)+273 to find absolute temperatures.
• Calculate average kinetic energy per particle using E_avg = (3/2) k_B T.
• Interpret a data table linking °C, K and kinetic‑energy values.

• Projector and screen
• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed worksheet with conversion table and kinetic‑energy formula
• Scientific calculators
• Balloon or gas demonstration set‑up
• Student notebooks

Begin with a quick demonstration of a balloon expanding when heated to spark curiosity about invisible particle motion. Ask students what they already know about temperature and particle speed. State that by the end of the lesson they will be able to link temperature to kinetic energy and convert between Celsius and Kelvin.

1. Do‑now (5'): Students answer a short question on everyday temperature conversions.
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Review particle model, introduce the kinetic‑energy equation and the Celsius‑Kelvin conversion.
3. Guided example (10'): Work through the 25 °C example, converting to Kelvin and calculating E_avg together.
4. Interactive activity (15'): In pairs, use the provided table to predict kinetic‑energy changes at different temperatures and record results.
5. Check for understanding (5'): Quick quiz via clickers – identify correct Kelvin values and energy trends.
6. Summary & exit ticket (5'): Students write one sentence summarising the temperature‑energy relationship and submit a conversion problem.

Recap that higher temperature means faster particle motion and greater average kinetic energy, reinforcing the need for absolute temperature in calculations. Collect exit tickets as a retrieval check and assign homework: complete a worksheet converting temperatures and calculating kinetic energy for five additional values.