Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: describe the sequence of events that occurs during a primary immune response with reference to the roles of: macrophages, B-lymphocytes, including plasma cells, T-lymphocytes, limited to T-helper cells and T-killer cells
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the sequential events of a primary immune response from antigen capture to pathogen clearance.
  • Explain the specific roles of macrophages, B‑lymphocytes (including plasma cells), T‑helper cells, and T‑killer cells in this process.
  • Analyse how cytokine signaling coordinates activation of B and T cells.
  • Compare the antibody profile (IgM → IgG) produced during the primary response with that of a secondary response.
  • Evaluate how immunological memory is established after the primary response.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint/slide deck illustrating the immune cascade
  • Printed worksheet with a flow‑chart activity
  • Coloured index cards representing each cell type
  • Short video clip of antigen presentation (optional)
  • Markers and flip‑chart paper
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: “What happens the first time our body meets a new virus?” Review prior knowledge of innate immunity and antibodies, then state that today students will map the full primary immune response and identify each cell’s contribution. Success will be measured by accurately sequencing the events on a diagram and explaining the cytokine signals involved.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑Now (5’) – Students list everything they know about macrophages and antibodies on sticky notes.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – Present an overview of the primary immune response using slides and the suggested flow‑diagram.
  3. Guided walkthrough (15’) – Teacher steps through each of the eight sequence events, asking probing questions; students fill a partially completed flowchart on the worksheet.
  4. Collaborative activity (10’) – In groups, students use coloured index cards to arrange the cell types in correct order and annotate key cytokine signals.
  5. Formative check (5’) – Quick quiz via Kahoot or an exit ticket: name the first cell that presents antigen to T‑helper cells and the antibody class produced first.
  6. Reflection (5’) – Pairs write one sentence summarising how memory B cells are generated.
Conclusion:
Summarise how innate and adaptive components cooperate to clear a novel pathogen and lay the foundation for immunological memory. Students submit an exit ticket that lists the three key cytokines that drive B‑cell activation. For homework, they read a short article on secondary immune responses and prepare a comparison table.