Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: state that a polypeptide is coded for by a gene and that a gene is a sequence of nucleotides that forms part of a DNA molecule
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the relationship between a gene’s nucleotide sequence and the polypeptide it encodes.
  • Explain the three main stages of gene expression: transcription, RNA processing, and translation.
  • Identify the cellular locations and key molecules involved in each stage.
  • Interpret codons and the genetic code to predict amino acid incorporation.
  • Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic differences in mRNA processing.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint slides/flowchart of DNA → mRNA → polypeptide
  • Handout with key terms and a codon table
  • DNA and ribosome model kits (optional)
  • Guided‑practice worksheets
  • Exit‑ticket cards
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick think‑pair‑share: “If DNA is the blueprint, how does the cell turn that blueprint into a functional protein?” Connect to prior lessons on DNA structure. State that today’s success criteria are to trace the flow of genetic information from a gene to a polypeptide and to explain each step.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – students answer a short question on DNA nucleotides displayed on the board.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – overview of gene definition and the DNA → mRNA → polypeptide pathway using slides.
  3. Guided activity (15’) – groups complete a flowchart table, labeling locations and key molecules for transcription, processing, and translation.
  4. Interactive simulation (10’) – use an online tool to translate a sample mRNA sequence into a polypeptide.
  5. Check for understanding (5’) – quick clicker quiz on codon meanings.
  6. Summary discussion (5’) – students articulate the three stages in their own words.
Conclusion:
Recap the central idea that a gene’s nucleotide sequence dictates the amino‑acid sequence of a polypeptide through transcription, processing, and translation. Students complete an exit ticket describing one stage and its key molecule. For homework, assign reading on mutations and their impact on protein synthesis.