Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Economics
Lesson Topic: population growth and structure: measurement and causes of changes in birth rate, death rate, infant mortality and net migration
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe how to calculate CBR, CDR, IMR, NMR and PGR.
  • Explain the main causes of changes in each demographic indicator.
  • Analyse the relationship between demographic indicators and stages of the Demographic Transition Model.
  • Evaluate policy measures that can influence birth, death, infant mortality and migration rates.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen for slides/diagrams
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Handout summarising formulas and indicator ranges
  • Calculator or spreadsheet software
  • Printed demographic data sets (country profiles)
  • Exit ticket cards
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick poll: “What factors do you think most affect a country’s population size?” Connect to previous lessons on economic development. Explain that by the end of the lesson students will be able to calculate key demographic rates, link them to the Demographic Transition Model, and suggest appropriate policy responses.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’): Students write poll responses on sticky notes; teacher records ideas.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’): Present definitions and formulas for CBR, CDR, IMR, NMR, PGR with slides.
  3. Guided practice (12’): Pairs calculate each indicator from a sample country data set using calculators.
  4. Concept mapping (8’): Groups map causes of changes to each indicator and relate them to DTM stages.
  5. Policy discussion (10’): Whole‑class debate on how education, healthcare and migration policy can shift indicators.
  6. Check for understanding (5’): Quick quiz/exit ticket on formulas and causal links.
Conclusion:
Summarise how demographic indicators reflect a country’s development stage and the impact of policy choices. Students complete an exit ticket stating one indicator they would target to improve a low‑income country’s growth. Assign homework to research a real country’s latest demographic data and write a brief analysis.