Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 17/01/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Define potential difference (p.d.) as the work done by a unit charge passing through a component
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the concept of potential difference as work per unit charge.
  • Distinguish between electromotive force (EMF) and terminal potential difference.
  • Apply V = W/q to calculate potential difference for a given work and charge.
  • Analyse the effect of internal resistance on the terminal voltage of a battery.
  • Solve routine problems involving EMF, internal resistance and terminal p.d.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • Printed worksheet with practice questions
  • Circuit diagram handouts
  • Multimeter (optional demonstration)
  • Calculator for students
  • Whiteboard and markers
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration of a battery powering a small lamp, asking students what “voltage” means. Recall that voltage is measured in volts and relates to energy per charge, linking to prior work on energy concepts. Explain that today’s success criteria are to define potential difference, differentiate it from EMF, and use the V = W/q formula in calculations.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5’) – students write a one‑sentence definition of potential difference; collect responses.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – present the definition, formula, and contrast EMF vs. terminal p.d.; display the suggested circuit diagram.
  3. Guided practice (12’) – work through the 12 V battery example, highlighting the effect of internal resistance.
  4. Collaborative activity (10’) – groups solve two worksheet questions using calculators; teacher circulates for support.
  5. Concept check (8’) – quick quiz (e.g., Kahoot) on key points; address any misconceptions.
  6. Summary & exit ticket (5’) – students write the definition and one example of p.d. on a sticky note; collect for assessment.
Conclusion:
Review the definition of potential difference and how it differs from EMF, emphasizing the role of internal resistance. Invite a few students to share their exit‑ticket answers for immediate feedback. Assign the remaining practice questions as homework to reinforce calculation skills.