Lesson Plan

• Describe the purpose and components of a spreadsheet formula.
• Explain the definition and syntax of a spreadsheet function.
• Compare formulas and functions in terms of creation, complexity, and reusability.
• Apply appropriate formulas or functions to solve given calculation tasks.
• Evaluate which approach (formula vs function) is most efficient for a specific problem.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Computer lab with spreadsheet software (Excel/Google Sheets)
• Sample worksheet handouts with practice tasks
• Teacher‑prepared slide deck illustrating differences
• Exit‑ticket cards or digital quiz platform
• Printed decision‑flowchart diagram

Begin with a quick visual of a messy spreadsheet and ask students how they would simplify calculations. Recall that they already know how to use basic arithmetic operators in cells. Explain that today they will learn to distinguish between hand‑crafted formulas and built‑in functions, and they will be able to state the success criteria: correctly identify and use each.

1. Do‑now (5'): Students complete a short quiz on spreadsheet symbols (=, +, -, etc.).
2. Mini‑lecture (10'): Define formulas vs functions, show syntax, and highlight key differences.
3. Guided demonstration (10'): Teacher builds a simple formula and then a function (SUM) on the projected sheet, referencing the decision‑flowchart.
4. Paired practice (15'): Learners complete worksheet tasks – create a custom formula, use SUM and AVERAGE, and combine two functions in one expression.
5. Check for understanding (5'): Pairs share answers; teacher clarifies misconceptions.
6. Exit ticket (5'): Each student writes one scenario where they would choose a formula over a function or vice‑versa.

Recap the main distinctions between formulas and functions and why each is useful. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding, and remind students to complete the homework: create a spreadsheet that includes at least three custom formulas and two standard functions to solve a real‑world problem.