Lesson Plan

Resources → Subject Notes → Biology → Notes
Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Biology
Lesson Topic: Describe the circulatory system as a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the structure and function of the heart as a pump.
  • Explain how arteries, veins, and capillaries contribute to one‑way blood flow.
  • Identify the role of valves in preventing backflow.
  • Calculate blood flow rate using the equation Q = V/t.
  • Compare arterial and venous pressures and their effect on flow direction.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and digital heart diagram
  • Printed handout of vessel structures
  • Worksheet with flow‑rate problems
  • Physical heart model (optional)
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Quiz cards for quick checks
 Introduction:
Begin with a short animation showing blood rushing through a network of tubes, asking students what keeps the flow moving in one direction. Recall that the heart is a muscular pump and that vessels have different structures. Explain that today they will explore how the heart and vessel valves ensure unidirectional circulation and how to calculate flow rate.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – label parts of a circulatory diagram on a worksheet.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10') – overview of heart chambers and valve locations using the projector.
  3. Interactive model demo (10') – demonstrate two‑stage pumping and discuss SA/AV nodes.
  4. Small‑group activity (12') – calculate blood flow rate from given volume and time data.
  5. Vessel investigation (8') – compare artery vs vein walls and valve function using handouts.
  6. Check for understanding (5') – quick quiz on one‑way flow concepts.
  7. Summary discussion (5') – students verbally summarise key points.
Conclusion:
Review the heart’s role as a two‑stage pump, the function of vessel walls and valves, and the flow‑rate equation. Students complete an exit ticket describing one way the circulatory system prevents backflow. Assign homework to read the textbook section on systemic and pulmonary circuits and prepare a short diagram.