Lesson Plan

• Describe the three types of nuclear emission (alpha, beta, gamma) and their key properties.
• Explain how kinetic energy and electric charge determine the ionising power of each radiation type.
• Compare the relative ionising effects and penetration abilities of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
• Apply this knowledge to choose appropriate shielding for different radiation sources.

• Projector and screen
• Printed handout with radiation comparison table
• Geiger‑counter or radiation demo kit (if available)
• Samples of shielding material: paper, aluminium sheet, lead block
• Worksheet for guided practice
• Whiteboard and markers

Begin by asking students what they think happens when you stand near a radioactive source. Review prior knowledge that radiation can be particles or electromagnetic waves. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe why alpha particles are highly ionising yet poorly penetrating compared with gamma rays.

1. Do‑now (5'): Quick quiz on the names and basic traits of α, β, γ radiation.
2. Mini‑lecture with slides (10'): Present properties (mass, charge, kinetic energy) and typical penetration abilities.
3. Table analysis activity (10'): In pairs, students examine the comparison table and annotate why kinetic energy and charge affect ionising power.
4. Shielding demonstration (10'): Test penetration of each radiation type using paper, aluminium, and lead (simulated with the demo kit).
5. Guided worksheet practice (10'): Solve problems on selecting appropriate shielding for given scenarios.
6. Check for understanding (5'): Exit‑ticket – one sentence explaining the hierarchy of ionising power.

Recap the key idea that higher kinetic energy and greater electric charge increase ionising power, while penetration depends on mass and charge. Collect exit tickets to gauge understanding and assign homework: research a real‑world application of radiation shielding (e.g., medical imaging, nuclear power).