Lesson Plan

• Describe how object distance relative to the focal length determines image distance, size, orientation, and nature for a converging lens.
• Apply the lens formula and magnification equation to calculate image characteristics.
• Construct and interpret ray diagrams for the five standard object positions.
• Identify and correct common misconceptions about image formation with converging lenses.

• Converging lens set (various focal lengths)
• Optical bench with screen
• Light source (lamp or LED)
• Ruler / measuring tape
• Worksheet & calculator
• Poster paper & markers for ray diagrams
• Projector or interactive whiteboard

Begin with a quick demonstration of a magnifying glass turning a small printed word into a larger upright image. Ask students what they already know about how lenses form images and recall the lens formula from previous lessons. Explain that today they will predict and explain image characteristics for different object positions using calculations and ray diagrams. Success will be measured by accurate predictions and a correct ray diagram for each scenario.

1. Do‑now (5’) – Short worksheet recalling the lens formula and sign conventions.
2. Mini‑lecture (10’) – Review object‑distance categories and introduce the summary table of image characteristics.
3. Guided practice (15’) – Solve an example (object beyond 2f), calculate v and m, then draw the three principal rays.
4. Collaborative activity (15’) – Groups each receive a different object position, calculate image parameters, produce a ray diagram on poster paper, and present findings.
5. Misconception check (5’) – Clicker poll addressing common errors (e.g., “all images are inverted”).
6. Consolidation quiz (5’) – Exit‑ticket: two short problems requiring classification of image type.

Recap the rule that an object's position relative to f and 2f governs image distance, size, orientation, and nature. Collect exit tickets where students classify an image for a given scenario. For homework, assign textbook problems that require using the lens formula and drawing ray diagrams for three different object distances.