Lesson Plan

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Lesson Plan
Grade: Date: 25/02/2026
Subject: Physics
Lesson Topic: Describe the structure of an atom in terms of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons in orbit around the nucleus
Learning Objective/s:
  • Describe the structure of an atom, identifying the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons in orbit.
  • Explain the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons and how they determine atomic number and mass number.
  • Compare the Bohr model with the modern quantum‑mechanical view of electron arrangement.
  • Interpret the relative masses and charges of sub‑atomic particles from a data table.
  • Apply the concept of charge balance to explain why atoms are electrically neutral.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector or interactive whiteboard
  • PowerPoint/slide deck with atom diagrams
  • Handout summarising sub‑atomic particles and Bohr model
  • Model kit or 3‑D printed atom model (optional)
  • Whiteboard markers and erasers
  • Exit‑ticket slips
 Introduction:
Begin with a quick demonstration using a balloon and small beads to illustrate charge separation. Ask students what they already know about the parts of an atom and how charge is distributed. Explain that by the end of the lesson they will be able to describe the atom’s structure and justify why the nucleus is positive.
Lesson Structure:
  1. Do‑now (5') – students answer a short question on atomic mass from the previous lesson.
  2. Mini‑lecture (10') – present the nucleus, protons, and neutrons using slides.
  3. Group activity (10') – build an atom model with cards representing particles.
  4. Bohr model demonstration (8') – show an animation of electrons in fixed orbits and discuss its limitations.
  5. Quantum view discussion (7') – compare with probability clouds; quick concept check (thumbs up/down).
  6. Guided worksheet (10') – fill a table of particle charges/masses and label electron shells.
  7. Exit ticket (5') – write one sentence summarising why the nucleus carries a net positive charge.
Conclusion:
Recap the key parts of the atom and how charge balance makes the whole atom neutral. Use the exit‑ticket responses to gauge understanding, and assign a brief homework: sketch an atom of a chosen element labeling protons, neutrons and electron shells.