Lesson Plan

• Describe sample space, events, and basic probability axioms.
• Apply complement, addition, and multiplication rules to compute probabilities.
• Distinguish between mutually exclusive and independent events and use conditional probability formulas.
• Solve card‑ and dice‑based problems using these concepts.
• Evaluate independence of events through probability calculations.

• Projector or interactive whiteboard
• Printed worksheet with Venn diagrams and card‑deck problems
• Deck of playing cards for demonstration
• Calculators or probability app
• Sticky notes for quick checks

Start with a quick poll: how many students have recently rolled a die or drawn a card? Review the concepts of sample space and basic probability rules. Explain that today’s success criteria are to correctly identify mutually exclusive versus independent events and to compute conditional probabilities.

1. Do‑now (5') – short quiz on sample space and complement rule.
2. Mini‑lecture (15') – present addition and multiplication rules, emphasise differences between mutually exclusive and independent events using Venn diagrams.
3. Guided example (10') – work through the heart‑queen card problem, calculate conditional probability and discuss independence.
4. Collaborative activity (15') – groups test independence of given event pairs with calculators and record results on the worksheet.
5. Check for understanding (5') – exit ticket: one sentence defining mutually exclusive vs independent.
6. Summary & reflection (5') – teacher recaps key formulas; students note any remaining questions.

We revisited the core probability rules and clarified when events are mutually exclusive or independent. For the exit ticket, each student wrote one example of each type of event. Homework: complete the worksheet on conditional probability and bring a real‑world scenario to discuss in the next lesson.